Doctors use the TNM staging system to determine the stages and treatment for kidney cancer as with most cases of the condition, the method used to treat it depends on the extent to which cancer has spread. They do this by scanning and observing the Tumor (T), Node (N) and Metastasis (M) of this condition. There are 5 stages involved in kidney cancer, stage 0 and stages I to IV. Given below is further information on the stages of kidney cancer and treatment methods used for it. Stage I kidney cancer In Stage I, the reading is (T1, N0, M0), which means the tumor is 7cm or 4cm to 7cm and is only located in the kidney. It hasn’t spread to lymph nodes or other organs. Treatment of stage I renal cell cancer may include the following methods: Surgery (radical nephrectomy, simple nephrectomy, or partial nephrectomy) Radiation therapy as palliative therapy to relieve the symptoms of patients who are unable to have surgery Arterial embolization as palliative therapy Stage II kidney cancer In Stage II, the reading is (T2, N0, M0), which means the tumor is larger than 7cm and is located in the kidney. At this level, it hasn’t spread to lymph nodes or other organs in this stage.

Cancer that affects the prostate gland is known as prostate cancer. The prostate is a small gland in the lower abdomen that is responsible for the production of semen. This is a slow-growing cancer that can be treated and cured if detected in time. Unfortunately, there are very few prominent symptoms. Hence, men above the age of 50 are advised to undergo annual prostate cancer screenings. Men who meet the criteria for the top risk factors for prostate cancer can start these screenings at an earlier age. The exact cause of prostate cancer is unclear. However, some of the top risk factors for prostate cancer have been identified. Luckily, it is not necessary for every man with these risk factors to develop cancer. At the same time, there have been cases where none of the risk factors were present but cancer still developed. You could consider yourself to be at a high risk for prostate cancer if you: Are over the age of 50 years Around 80% of all prostate cancer cases are diagnosed amongst men over the age of 65 years Have a close family member who has suffered from prostate cancer or breast cancer 20% of all prostate cancer cases develop as a result of common familial genes and lifestyle factors.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a serious condition that causes blockage in the arteries in the lungs. This, consequently, increases the blood pressure in them. Due to this blockage, the heart is forced to work harder to pump blood, which can result in the weakening of your heart muscles too. The condition can be fatal if not diagnosed in time and one must consult a medical professional immediately if they suspect its development. This article covers the symptoms and causes of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Read on to know more about the condition. Causes of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) Blood clots in the lungs A very common cause of PAH is the presence of blood clots in the lungs. The body creates clots to prevent excessive bleeding and sometimes, these can form without there being any reason. These clots dislodge and attach themselves to the lungs, resulting in increased blood pressure in the organ. HIV Another probable cause of this condition is HIV. HIV infections increase your risk of different kinds of lung diseases and PAH is one of them. Controlling the infection with medication, along with treating PAH simultaneously will have a positive impact on the quality of life of the patient.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a very common type of arthritis which is usually caused due to an autoimmune disease. It can lead to swelling, inflammation, and pain in the joints of the ankles, feet, elbows, and wrists. It can also affect the internal parts of the body such as the respiratory or the cardiovascular systems. It is very useful to know all the early signs of rheumatoid arthritis to treat the condition in its early stages. There are two common types of the condition – adult rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (caused in children aged 17 years and below). Here are some early warning signs to look for in both types of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Weight loss One of the very early signs of rheumatoid arthritis is an abnormal loss of weight. If you have been eating normally and are not on any medication for weight loss, a drastic decrease in your weight can be an early sign of this disease. Tiredness Many people who were diagnosed with RA stated constant tiredness and fatigue to be one of the early signs of rheumatoid arthritis. Unexplained tiredness can be the body’s way of reacting to the inflammation and the changes occurring in the joints.

Sleep apnea is a very common sleeping disorder that affects 22 million Americans every year, but it is estimated that about 80% of cases remain undiagnosed. This is a condition where a person’s breathing stops and starts randomly while they are asleep. People with this condition snore louder than usual and also complain of feeling tired even after sleeping the whole night. It is very important to know the signs and symptoms of sleep apnea to identify the condition and to get medical help. Heavy snoring One of the most common signs and symptoms of sleep apnea is heavy snoring. While many people do snore when they are tired or when their nose is blocked, people with sleep apnea snore excessively and make it impossible for others in the room to sleep. As breathing stops abruptly, the person starts inhaling and exhaling through the mouth, leading to snoring. Waking up with a dry throat Another common sign and symptom of sleep apnea is a dry or painful throat when you wake up in the morning. Since people with this condition spend the majority of the night breathing through their mouth, the throat gets painful and dry the next morning. Waking up gasping for air When you suddenly stop breathing, the body starts choking and gasping and in the process, you wake up from your sleep.